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I was a linguistics professor for almost a decade, and many of my comments here on Lemmy provide in-depth explanations from an informed theoretical linguistic perspective. See here and here, for example.
In my opinion, the phonetic (acoustic) resemblances are superficial, and nowhere in their paper do they identify the sorts of systematic patterns of alternations that constitute the phonology of human languages. It's not just about seeing patterns in the sounds of the whales - it's about showing that these patterns are specifically organized in a similar way to human phonologies, and that they also distinguish meaning in the same structured ways that human phonologies do.
But beyond just phonetics and phonology, and more importantly, the researchers haven't provided any evidence that whale communication in any way resembles the systems of communication that we call "language". Human language is characterized by specific features that aren't found anywhere else in the animal kingdom in the same combination. To an extent the selection of these features is arbitrary, but the sum total of them makes a compelling argument for a categorical distinction between what we call human language and animal communication.
It's possible, of course, that whale communication does in fact include all of these features, but the articles in question are a far cry from demonstrating it, and so using the word "language" is at best premature and at worst disingenuous.
This just seems like one of those sensationalist pop articles that come out every few months, driven largely by researchers without a significant background in theoretical linguistics, that do more to confuse people about the nature of language than to educate them. Language is much more than just "patterns of sounds that convey meaning".
(And, for some reason, like 70% of these articles are related to whales. The two most common responses I get to telling people I'm a linguist are: 1) "How many languages do you speak?" and 2) "You know, I read this article recently on how whale language is really just like human language". I have yet to understand the obsession with whales.)
You really should have lead with some of this! Hopefully you can see why your original comment, in a vacuum, wasn't especially constructive or enlightening.
It's no surprise that a pop sci article makes bolder claims than the paper it's based on (even if you think the paper itself is overreaching); this old PHD Comics diagram is as relevant as ever.