this post was submitted on 16 Dec 2025
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Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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You can do "ss -aepni" and that will dump literally everything ss can get its hands on.
Also, ss can't find everything, it does have some limitations. I believe ss can only see what the kernel can see(host connections), but tcpdump can see the actual network flow on the network layer side. So incoming, outgoing, hex(?) data in transit, etc.
I usually try to use ss first for everything since I don't think it requires sudo access for the majority of its functionality, and if it can't find something then I bring out sudo tcpdump.