Uruanna

joined 2 years ago
[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 1 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago)

The green Sahara was gone 5 000 years ago when Egypt barely started being Egypt and long before Assyria, the Bronze Age Collapse happened 3 200 years ago, and the Old Testament started getting written a bit before 600 BCE over a few hundred years. The Egyptians and Assyrians already had their breadbasket, it was the fertile crescent from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates, it was not a desert there.

The israelite texts survived because they were written right when some big empires (Babylon and the Achaemenids) came around and then carried them over until the Greeks and Romans came by.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 10 points 4 days ago* (last edited 4 days ago) (3 children)

but at least they would not personally execute my whole family just because I'm not a muslim who listens to music.

Man, they are literally executing anyone they see for just existing in Gaza. Americans, health workers, ambulances. They literally said that babies born in Gaza are already terrorists. They make prisoners confess that they are Hamas by threatening to drone their whole family. So yes, they do execute your whole family just because they live there.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 6 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

Those places that were destroyed almost certainly didn't have things older than Ur, Akkad, Nippur, Uruk. They would have had works from the periods before it, but just the Old and Middle Babylonian and Assyrian periods, not much more than that. Writing beyond religious centers was spread across Mesopotamia starting the Ur III dynasty then the Old Babylonian period, reaching to the end of Anatolia, so there wouldn't have been a prolific writer like an ancient Tolkien or GRR Martin before Enheduanna in Akkad. We can actually pinpoint when writing began and when it spread, so we're pretty sure there can't have been anything big written and lost older than that. Because very few people knew how to write before Ur III, and these people simply weren't writing epic stories, they were writing accounting receipts and religious praises, and that peak was Enheduanna. It's only during the Ur III dynasty and then the Old Babylonian period that people started writing the stories that were popular outside temples.

What was lost in the big collapses, when it comes to stories, would be smaller individual texts, variations and extra details of texts we know, not entire bodies of work completely lost everywhere - and they would be texts written well after Ur III. Any big work that existed in that period would have spread everywhere during the multiple empires that came and went, and there's always a place where fragments survive - if only because the place was lost and buried (not destroyed) before the various collapses, and only resurfaced in modern time. We knew about the Sumerian traditions without knowing what they were or that Sumer even existed until the 19th~20th century, because those stories survived through other cultures, starting with the Old Testament, and Greek myth, and then we found out that Gilgamesh and Atra-hasis predated them all, and we figured out when THAT turned from oral tradition into writing, and then from a handful of individual texts into a single epic. Because they weren't actually destroyed - they were just buried. The bigger works that were lost in the various collapses and burnings from the Sea People to Alexandria, and weren't already copied somewhere else would be texts of sciences, records, philosophy, that didn't have a wide cultural impact beyond the capital - so not epic stories, and not older than Ur III.

So obviously, before writing was invented, we can only speculate so much on what existed. Surely there were people who had stories before all that, and not just in Mesopotamia, Europe and Asia obviously had their own cultures and stories, but that would have been oral tradition only, and when the culture dies without ever being written, the story is lost. We can actually take some guesses at the most distant roots of the dragon myths and some constellation stories, but we can't guess into existence an epic from before writing was invented.

After writing was invented, there weren't any stories written for a long time until the big empires, so nothing before Akkad, Ur III, and the Old Babylonian period. Even in other places where writing existed the earliest, it turns out that what they wrote didn't include stories until relatively late (looking at you, Harappa and China's Shang dynasty). The rare people who knew how to write simply didn't write stories, they wrote religion and accounting mostly. It only begins with the Ur III texts, which is Gilgamesh (also the Enmerkar-Lugalbanda cycle that never made it to the same level of popularity).

After writing was spread across the Mesopotamian empires, there's very little room for something that was entirely lost everywhere, there's always a place where fragments survive and other cultures pick up on it. We have the Baal cycle in Ugarit, we have Greece, and then we have the Old Testament. Anything that could be truly lost and not just buried would be paper (and adjacent), much later, and wouldn't have anything older that doesn't already appear somewhere else. The odds of an entirely unknown, big enough story, existing before and disappearing in that period, are not very significant. If it existed, it spread into something else that survived.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 1 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

It does have the quote and yeah, that was clearly sarcastic

“We didn’t see Storm. We want to see your name” “Keep waiting,” Berry answered. “It’s not going to be there. It’s not going to be there.”

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 7 points 5 days ago (2 children)

Gilgamesh, the first story ever written, basically follows that construction, more or less. 5 indenpendent adventures written down separately in Sumerian around 2100 BCE (from a likely centuries older oral tradition), then compiled in a single Old Babylonian story around 1800 BCE, rewritten over the next 600 years. We literally don't have any written story older than that beside individual poems.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 12 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)
[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 1 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

You're not getting it. Macron does in fact control the legislation.

Sure it's not what the president is supposed to do, there's a prime minister and speaker for that to decide what laws will be voted on in what calendar. Except when Macron forces his pick on both (and straight up ignores when a new national vote says the left wing opposition gets to name the prime minister), forces the voting calendar, forces passing his laws by skipping a vote he knows will fail, etc.

The 5th French Republic has laws like this that give the president some exceptional powers to get over the head of the parliament. And Macron uses those exceptional powers all the time.

So yes, Macron does do all the things you say the president doesn't do. And that's why people are mad at him.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 15 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

He doesn't do things that are supposed to happen, though. He makes sure not to screw up History as he knows it, except he always comes across a little thing that went wrong in his timeline and had a ripple effect of bad consequences, and he fixes them by doing good and creating a good ripple effect. It's never suggested that any of those things are "supposed to happen," just that they did happen in his timeline, and he finds better ways to fix them, without fucking up everything else, and creating a better timeline that is not his original one. The very fact that he risks fucking up big things show that nothing is "supposed to happen." The opening narration mentions he strives to "put right what once went wrong", so it's strongly suggested that, if anything, he's "meant" to do good, which is his own conclusion as the show goes on, somebody set him on this path to do good.

It's never suggested that "putting right what once went wrong" means committing a crime that didn't happen because without this crime, things were supposed to go worse. He fixes bad things by doing good. And, sure, we're never shown that he needs to make sure a crime happens, but that goes against what's suggested most of the time - imagine writing a show remotely hinting that maybe some war crimes that happened are justified or else it would have been worse. When he jumps into someone who's about to do a bad thing, he just doesn't do it and does good instead, the suggestion is that there's no "'supposed to."

The Kennedy episode heavily suggested that he was being influenced by some kind of psychosis from Oswald and he was going crazy himself, unable to stop himself from shooting, and that tracks with other episodes where he was sometimes overwhelmed by traits from his host, rather than having to make sure the crime does happen. He tried to save both Kennedys, and he failed JFK, but he saved Jackie. It's not suggested that JFK "had" to die, it's suggested that he "failed" half of it because the host's influence was too strong.

[–] Uruanna@lemmy.world 2 points 3 weeks ago

Is it because they keep breaking shells?