You're not alone in this:
https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/usb-tethering-stopped-working-after-f42-update/148809
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220002
https://lore.kernel.org/all/e0df2d85-1296-4317-b717-bd757e3ab928@heusel.eu/
When Debian upgrades to this kernel version you might run into the issue again. Unless there is a fix deployed before then.