In sumo you can only hit the head with an open palm (or you can hit the chin with a forearm, if you "slide it up") so I think there are fewer concussions [CORRECTION blows to the head are a problem, see below]. But you can do head charges, so that can be damaging. Also a LOT of sumotori have problems with knees or shoulders. Former pro sumotori live shorter lives than the average Japanese person, I think ~~it was 5-10 years fewer? ~~ [CORRECTION 15 years]
If you like technique analysis check out dondon's videos, unfortunately he takes them down fairly quickly: https://www.youtube.com/@dondonsumo2/videos