I think the curriculum is different depending on the country or university. But in Brazil, most CS students have a discipline on operating systems or computer architecture, even if they don't get very deep.
However me as a Computer Engineer graduate, I've learned a lot about circuit analysis, signal processing, control systems, analog and digital electronics, microcontrollers, FPGAs, electronic chip manufacturing, etc. Most of the stuff which I forgot anyway, since it's been a while since I started working as a backend software engineer.