none of these intermediate CAs, including the one deployed in production, have issued any end-entity certificates. This has been confirmed through our internal analysis and corroborated by publicly available Certificate Transparency records on crt.sh.
—https://emudhra.com/en/post/certificate-security-incident
so no, there is no “traffic using the specific keys that leaked” and hence your attack wouldn’t yield anything, but one could use these certificates to reencrypt and impersonate
i’ll also note that you excluded the last sentence of the paragraph you quoted, which makes clear that “some cases” refers to cases other than the case at hand
