The short answer is: Yes. Both Java and Bedrock version of Minecraft can be played on Linux. Steam is available for Linux, and with Proton (let's just call it a feature of Steam) you can play almost all Steam games.

Linux Mint is a beginner-friendly stable distribution. Stable means that instead of updates being released immediately after becoming available, they are released after some kind of testing period. That means, that you don't need to worry about the system breaking because of some bad update, but it also means that you don't have the latest and greatest versions of the software. Some newer versions of software, especially newer kernel versions, can improve things like gaming performance. The kernel on Linux Mint lags behind several versions, but Linux being Linux, there are ways to install newer or the latest version of the kernel - or any other piece of software.