Signal knows the creation time of your account.
Google knows the timestamps of every transaction made through Play Services.
Law enforcement wants to deanonymize an account and subpoenas Signal for the creation time of the account, which Signal will provide them.
Law enforcement subpoenas Google for the records of all Play Services users who paid for Signal Login at that time, plus or minus a few minutes.
Law enforcement now has a shortlist of suspects. If Signal Login is paid for by 1 million users per year (unlikely) then that's one user every 30 seconds on average. A 5 minute window of time will be a list of 10 individuals, identified by their payment details and Google account.