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Effective analysis should strive to be based in evidence and the most up-to-date scientific paradigm (currently, dialectical and historical materialism).
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Effective analysis should serve action. Analysis without action is sort of like figuring out that a hurricane is going to hit your home and doing nothing in response.
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Effective analysis should strive to limit speculation and assumptions, while also being realistic about limitations of information; some amount of speculation and extrapolation is unavoidable due to us always working with incomplete information, but is risky and error-prone as the driving force of an analysis and is not a replacement for investigation.
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An accurate paradigm can sometimes make up for a limited array of facts. Knowing the principles that govern how an entity behaves and why can tell you things about it that direct research may not. However, it is nevertheless critical to investigate whenever possible. A paradigm and facts together will tell you more than either one alone.
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Neutrality isn't real, aka: nothing exists without bias. Any entity that speaks as if it is neutral and unbiased is being dishonest, whether intentionally or through naivete. Being aware of this is not an excuse to be recklessly and intentionally biased in an exaggerated manner, as in lying, but rather a recognition of the nature of entities being motivated to do behaviors that reproduce themselves.
Thoughts?
Recommended reading instead of this post, or in addition to it: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm